faq - DETECTOR
A smoke sensor is an instrument used to measure smoke density. It operates based on the photoelectric principle, utilizing an LED to illuminate the smoke chamber. However, over time, the LED’s illumination capability deteriorates. This phenomenon is similar to what we experience with LED lamps at home, where their brightness decreases after a few months, requiring replacement. The same applies to the LED in the sensor’s chamber and its associated circuitry. As they age, the sensitivity of the smoke detector gradually diminishes from its original level.
To restore the smoke sensor to its original sensitivity, the solution lies in periodic calibration. This calibration process is typically carried out by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). During calibration, the OEM performs sensitivity checks using a master sensor. If the sensor being calibrated falls outside the acceptable sensitivity range, the OEM will replace the LED and perform the necessary adjustments to bring the sensor back to its original sensitivity level.
Calibration of smoke detectors can only be carried out by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). This is because each OEM has engineered their smoke detectors using their unique techniques, making it a technology and trade secret. As a result, only the OEM has the necessary knowledge and expertise to accurately calibrate their smoke detectors.
Yes, periodic calibration is mandatory according to the National Building Code, specifically stated in IS 2189. When applying for the initial building license and during license renewal, calibration certificates must be provided. It is the responsibility of the builder, building owner, system installer, annual maintenance contract (AMC) contractor, fire authorities and third-party auditors to ensure compliance with this requirement and verify the calibration status.
To ensure calibration service support from the original equipment manufacturer (OEM), you should negotiate with suppliers regarding warranty and guarantee terms for the proposed smoke detector. Request assurance for the expected lifespan of the smoke detector while maintaining its original sensitivity, as well as information on the acceptable deviation level for sensitivity for one or two years. The OEM should provide free calibration services or charge a nominal fee for them. Additionally, any sensors that fall out of sensitivity range should be rectified or replaced by the OEM at no cost. This agreement should be made in writing to protect the investment made in the automatic fire alarm system, with a calibration service support guaranteed for at least five years.
Even though the smoke sensor may appear to be functioning correctly during periodic checks with agarbathi (incense stick), it is not a professional or reliable method for validating its functionality. Over time, smoke detectors can deteriorate and lose their effectiveness. Relying solely on the perception of safety provided by an aged smoke sensor can be misleading. It is the responsibility of fire authorities, auditors, building owners, AMC contractors, and other stakeholders to ensure that the fire detection system is in proper working condition. Neglecting calibration and relying on outdated or potentially faulty smoke sensors can have serious consequences in the event of a fire incident, as it may impact the liability of responsible authorities and insurance coverage for potential losses.
Certification agencies such as UL (Underwriters Laboratories), FM (Factory Mutual), and others serve as American government-accredited laboratories that offer services for conducting environmental-type tests to validate the functionality of smoke detectors. These tests are designed to meet the standards prescribed in American standards, such as ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). If a smoke detector successfully passes these tests, the certification agencies can provide certification.
However, it’s important to note that these certifications do not necessarily guarantee the quality of the smoke detectors. Moreover, in India, these certifications are not mandatory and may not be beneficial or relevant for the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) or the buyer.
The Airlight Automatic Fire detection system is an advanced solution for fire detection in buildings. It utilizes real-time ultra-sensitive smoke sensors and thermal sensors to monitor the environment. These sensors enable the fire panel to provide real-time information about temperature and the density of smoke in protected areas. This allows for accurate and timely detection of potential fire incidents. The Airlight system enhances the overall effectiveness of fire detection, ensuring swift response and improved safety for building occupants.
Airlight’s Approach
When it comes to talkback, PA (Public Address), and fire alarm systems, Airlight proposes the use of 2 core cables, whereas others commonly use multi-core cables. But why is cable integrity important, and what does it entail?
Cables play a crucial role in powering and signaling devices in fire detection and notification systems. In the event of a fire, the fire system must sustain and fulfill its requirements. Therefore, it is essential for the entire fire system cable to have mechanical protection and fire survival capabilities. Additionally, as per fire safety standards, the entire cable used in a system should be electrically supervised against open and short circuits.
The decision to use 2 core cables by Airlight takes into account several factors. First, it considers the cost factor of cable procurement and laying. Additionally, incorporating electrical supervision circuits and equipment adds complexity and cost to the design.
Recognizing these needs, Airlight has made significant technological advancements to comply with the requirements of cable integrity in fire detection and alarm systems. These improvements ensure that Airlight’s solutions not only meet fire safety standards but also offer cost-effective and reliable performance.
In summary, Airlight’s approach to cable integrity takes into account the importance of mechanical protection, fire survival, and electrical supervision. By addressing these factors, Airlight delivers innovative solutions that meet the needs of fire detection and alarm systems while offering cost-effectiveness and reliability
As per NBC 2016, fire alarm features include MOEFA (Manually Operated Electronic Fire Alarm) and Automatic Fire Detection.
